Novelist and short-story writer, a master of the allegorical and symbolic tale and one of the first great imaginative writers in the United States.
Hawthorne attended Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine and spent more than a decade reading and trying to write creditable fiction.
His writing first appeared in newspapers and then magazines.
Financially unsuccessful he took a job at the Boston Custom House.
He married in 1842 and settled in Concord. After returning to Salem he wrote his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter (1850), then moved to Lenox where he wrote The House of the Seven Gables (1851) and became friendly with the novelist Herman Melville.
In 1853 Hawthorne was given a consular post in Liverpool. It permitted him to travel in Italy, the setting of his last novel The Marble Faun (1860).
After his return to the United States in 1860 his health steadily declined.
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