The most complete and perfect extant collection of Babylonian laws developed during the reign of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) of the 1st dynasty of Babylon.
It consists of his legal decisions that were collected toward the end of his reign and inscribed on a diorite stela set up in Babylon´s temple of Marduk the national god of Babylonia.
These 282 case law include economic provisions (prices, tariffs, trade and commerce), family law (marriage and divorce) as well as criminal (assault, theft) and civil law (slavery, debt). Penalties varied according to the status of the offenders and the circumstances of the offenses.
The background of the code is a body of Sumerian law under which civilized communities had lived for many centuries.
The existing text is in the Akkadian (Semitic) language, but even though no Sumerian version is known to survive the code was meant to be applied to a wider realm than any single country and to integrate Semitic and Sumerian traditions and peoples.
Moreover despite a few primitive survivals relating to family solidarity, district responsability, trial by ordeal and the lex talionis (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth) the code was advanced far beyond feud, private retribution or marriage by capture.
The principal (and only considerable) source of the Code of Hammurabi is the stela discovered at Susa in 1901 by the French Orientalist Jean-Vincent Scheil and now preserved in the Louvre.
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment