German press correspondent who headed a successful Soviet espionage ring in Tokyo during World War II.
After service in the German Army during World War I he earned a doctorate in political science at the University of Hamburg and then went to Moscow.
In 1929 the Communist International sent him to China to organize a spy ring.
He built a reputation there as an able journalist and loyal German and in 1933 joined the Nazi Party.
The Comintern then sent him to Japan where he became political adviser to the German ambassador Maj. Gen. Eugen Ott.
On May 12 1941 Sorge reported to the Russians that 170 German divisions would attack along the Soviet frontier on June 20 (the attack came on June 22) proceeding in the direction of Moscow.
In August 1941 Sorge reported that the Japanese Army was planning to advance southward against the U.S.S.R.. This information freed Soviet troops along the Manchurian border for service in the west.
On Oct. 18 1941 Sorge was arrested by the Japanese and he and Ozaki Hotsumi another agent of Russia were executed.
In 1964 Sorge was declared a Hero of the Soviet Union.
December 18, 2014
ALEKSANDR SOLZHENITSYN (1947-74)
Soviet novelist and Nobel Prize winner who achieved international fame in the early 1960s with the publication od Odin den iz zhizni Ivana Denisovicha (1962, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich) describing life in a forced-labour camp during the Stalin era.
Solzhenitsyn was born into a family of Cossack intellectuals and brought up primarily by his mother who was a teacher (his father was killed in an accident before his birth).
He attended the University of Rostov-na-Donu graduating in mathematics and took correspondence courses in literature at the Moscow State University.
He fought in World War II achieving the rank of captain of artillery.
In 1945 he was arrested for writing a letter in which he criticized Stalin and was imprisoned for eight years after which he spent three more years in a detention camp.
Rehabilitated in 1956 he was allowed to settle in Ryazan in central Russia where he became a mathematics teacher and began to write.
In 1962 Solzhenitsyn´s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich was published in the Soviet journal Novy Mir and its popularity was so immediate that stores quickly sold out all their copies.
It produced a political sensation both abroad and in the Soviet Union where it inspired a number of other writers to produce accounts of life under Stalin´s regime.
The period of liberalization was short-lived.
In 1963 with the publication of a collection of short stories he provoked official criticism.
After that he had much difficulty in getting his works published and many of his manuscripts were confiscated.
In response he adressed an open letter to the Fourth National Congress of Soviet Writers reprimanding that organization for its past betrayal of writers.
Several of his works printed in the Soviet Union as samizdat (self-published, illegal) literature were published abroad in popular editions including Cancer Ward (1968) and The First Circle (1968).
In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature but did not go to Stockholm to receive it.
His next novel to be published outside the Soviet Union was August (1971).
In August 1973 Solzhenitsyn at a press conference with Western correspondents charged the government with threats against him and criticized the Soviet system for curbing the individual freedom of its citizens.
A few days later he and the physicist Andrey Sakharov were implicated in a highly publicized treason trial of two other dissidents who had turned state´s evidence.
Solzhenitsyn announced that he had received threats against his life and that in the event of his death or disappearance he had made arrangements for the publication of the main body of his works in the West.
In September 1973 two revised chapters of The First Circle were circulated in the samizdat press.
In December the first parts of The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956 were published in Paris. In this book he documents the opression of the Soviet labour camp system for which Gulag is the Russian acronym.
Upon publication of The Gulag Archipelago he was immediately attacked in the Soviet press.
Despite the intense interest in his fate that was shown in the West he was arrested and charged with treason on Feb. 12 1974.
Solzhenitsyn was exiled from the Soviet Union on the following day and later settled in Switzerland.
In December he took possession of his Nobel Prize.
Solzhenitsyn was born into a family of Cossack intellectuals and brought up primarily by his mother who was a teacher (his father was killed in an accident before his birth).
He attended the University of Rostov-na-Donu graduating in mathematics and took correspondence courses in literature at the Moscow State University.
He fought in World War II achieving the rank of captain of artillery.
In 1945 he was arrested for writing a letter in which he criticized Stalin and was imprisoned for eight years after which he spent three more years in a detention camp.
Rehabilitated in 1956 he was allowed to settle in Ryazan in central Russia where he became a mathematics teacher and began to write.
In 1962 Solzhenitsyn´s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich was published in the Soviet journal Novy Mir and its popularity was so immediate that stores quickly sold out all their copies.
It produced a political sensation both abroad and in the Soviet Union where it inspired a number of other writers to produce accounts of life under Stalin´s regime.
The period of liberalization was short-lived.
In 1963 with the publication of a collection of short stories he provoked official criticism.
After that he had much difficulty in getting his works published and many of his manuscripts were confiscated.
In response he adressed an open letter to the Fourth National Congress of Soviet Writers reprimanding that organization for its past betrayal of writers.
Several of his works printed in the Soviet Union as samizdat (self-published, illegal) literature were published abroad in popular editions including Cancer Ward (1968) and The First Circle (1968).
In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature but did not go to Stockholm to receive it.
His next novel to be published outside the Soviet Union was August (1971).
In August 1973 Solzhenitsyn at a press conference with Western correspondents charged the government with threats against him and criticized the Soviet system for curbing the individual freedom of its citizens.
A few days later he and the physicist Andrey Sakharov were implicated in a highly publicized treason trial of two other dissidents who had turned state´s evidence.
Solzhenitsyn announced that he had received threats against his life and that in the event of his death or disappearance he had made arrangements for the publication of the main body of his works in the West.
In September 1973 two revised chapters of The First Circle were circulated in the samizdat press.
In December the first parts of The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956 were published in Paris. In this book he documents the opression of the Soviet labour camp system for which Gulag is the Russian acronym.
Upon publication of The Gulag Archipelago he was immediately attacked in the Soviet press.
Despite the intense interest in his fate that was shown in the West he was arrested and charged with treason on Feb. 12 1974.
Solzhenitsyn was exiled from the Soviet Union on the following day and later settled in Switzerland.
In December he took possession of his Nobel Prize.
JUAN DÍAZ DE SOLÍS (1474)
Spanish seaman.
One of the first explorers to enter the Río de la Plata estuary in South America.
Solís had made a voyage to the Americas in 1508 before being commissioned to lead an expedition to an area 1,700 leagues (about 5,000 miles) south of the Isthmus of Panama and beyond.
He led three vessels from Sanlúcar de Barrameda Spain on Oct. 8, 1515 with a crew of 70 men and provisions for 2 and 1/2 years.
In February 1516 he reached the estuary of Río de la Plata which he called Mar Dulce.
The first island he reached therein was named Martin Garcia after one of his crewmen who had died.
Sailing up the Uruguay River he landed on the left bank (modern Uruguay) and was attacked by the Charrúa Indians of the region.
He and the rest of the landing party, except for one man, Francisco del Puerto, were killed and eaten in sight of the remaining crewmen on shipboard.
Puerto was made prisoner and later gave valuable information about the area to Sebastian Cabot who arrived there in 1526.
The ships set sail for Spain but one was wrecked off the island of Santa Catarina and its survivors were later rescued by Cabot.
Information from those survivors made Cabot believe there was great wealth in the interior.
He therefore set sail up the Paraná River.
One of the first explorers to enter the Río de la Plata estuary in South America.
Solís had made a voyage to the Americas in 1508 before being commissioned to lead an expedition to an area 1,700 leagues (about 5,000 miles) south of the Isthmus of Panama and beyond.
He led three vessels from Sanlúcar de Barrameda Spain on Oct. 8, 1515 with a crew of 70 men and provisions for 2 and 1/2 years.
In February 1516 he reached the estuary of Río de la Plata which he called Mar Dulce.
The first island he reached therein was named Martin Garcia after one of his crewmen who had died.
Sailing up the Uruguay River he landed on the left bank (modern Uruguay) and was attacked by the Charrúa Indians of the region.
He and the rest of the landing party, except for one man, Francisco del Puerto, were killed and eaten in sight of the remaining crewmen on shipboard.
Puerto was made prisoner and later gave valuable information about the area to Sebastian Cabot who arrived there in 1526.
The ships set sail for Spain but one was wrecked off the island of Santa Catarina and its survivors were later rescued by Cabot.
Information from those survivors made Cabot believe there was great wealth in the interior.
He therefore set sail up the Paraná River.
SNORRI STURLUSON (1247)
Poet, historian and chieftain who was the author of the Prose Edda and the probable author of the Egils saga one of the finest of Icelandic family sagas.
Snorri a descendant of the great poet and hero of the Egils saga, Egill Skallagrímsson, was brought up at Oddi from the age of three in the home of Jón Loptsson the most influential chieftain in Iceland.
Jón was the grandson of Saemundr Sigfússon the Wise the first known Icelandic historian and of King Magnus III Barfot or Barefoot of Norway.
Like many chieftains Jón also was an ordained priest and was keenly interested in history.
From him Snorri acquired both a deep knowledge of Icelandic tradition and a European breadth of outlook.
In 1199 Snorri married an heiress and began to acquire lands and power.
In 1206 he settled at Reykjaholt (modern Reyholt) where most of his works were written (between 1223 and 1235). There he built a magnificent house with a tiled bath, heated by volcanic springs.
During 1215-18 and 1222-32 he was lawspeaker or president of the Icelandic high court.
In 1218 he was invited to Norway by King Haakon IV. He also visited noble families in Sweden.
He became involved in politics while visiting the Norwegians who were planning a punitive raid on the Icelanders of Oddi.
Snorri was able to persuade Haakon that he could become king of Iceland and win the Icelanders over to him.
He became Haakon´s vassal and on his return to Iceland in 1220 sent his son to Haakon as hostage.
But when Snorri failed to further Haakon´s cause Haakon took revenge by stirring up a feud between Snorri and his kinsman Sturla.
Snorri was outlawed and fled to Norway in 1237.
In 1239 he returned to Iceland against Haakon´s express command.
By Haakon´s order Snorri was attacked and killed in his home by his son-in-law and enemy Gissur Thorvaldsson.
Snorri´s writings are remarkable both for their scope and for their formal assurance.
The Prose Edda is a handbook on poetics in which he explains the ornate diction and obscure allusions of the skalds (ancient bards who recited or sang their heroic poetry) and illustrates their metres often with verses of his own.
Of greater general interest is his retelling of the old Norse myths within a frame-story of his own creation.
He also wrote a life of St. Oláf of Norway which he included in the Heimskringla a history of the Norwegian kings from their legendary descent from the warrior-wizard god Odin down to Magnus Erlingsson (1184).
Snorri based the Heimskringla on earlier histories but contributed much new material of his own. As sources he particularly valued poems handed down orally from the times of the events themselves and he selected the traditions that seemed most authoritative and true to the politics of the times and to human nature. His genius lay in his power to present all that he perceived critically as a historian with the immediacy of drama.
The qualities of intelligence, warmth and scholarly industry in Snorri´s writings contrast sharply with the weak, shifty character that emerges in the account of his life by his nephew in the Sturlunga saga.
In that record he is presented as cold and miserly toward his family, opportunistic in politics and ambitious for greatness but lacking the courage and will power to achieve it.
It is possible that the critical detachment that was an advantage to Snorri as a writer did not suit him for the role of a powerful man of action in a ruthless age.
Snorri a descendant of the great poet and hero of the Egils saga, Egill Skallagrímsson, was brought up at Oddi from the age of three in the home of Jón Loptsson the most influential chieftain in Iceland.
Jón was the grandson of Saemundr Sigfússon the Wise the first known Icelandic historian and of King Magnus III Barfot or Barefoot of Norway.
Like many chieftains Jón also was an ordained priest and was keenly interested in history.
From him Snorri acquired both a deep knowledge of Icelandic tradition and a European breadth of outlook.
In 1199 Snorri married an heiress and began to acquire lands and power.
In 1206 he settled at Reykjaholt (modern Reyholt) where most of his works were written (between 1223 and 1235). There he built a magnificent house with a tiled bath, heated by volcanic springs.
During 1215-18 and 1222-32 he was lawspeaker or president of the Icelandic high court.
In 1218 he was invited to Norway by King Haakon IV. He also visited noble families in Sweden.
He became involved in politics while visiting the Norwegians who were planning a punitive raid on the Icelanders of Oddi.
Snorri was able to persuade Haakon that he could become king of Iceland and win the Icelanders over to him.
He became Haakon´s vassal and on his return to Iceland in 1220 sent his son to Haakon as hostage.
But when Snorri failed to further Haakon´s cause Haakon took revenge by stirring up a feud between Snorri and his kinsman Sturla.
Snorri was outlawed and fled to Norway in 1237.
In 1239 he returned to Iceland against Haakon´s express command.
By Haakon´s order Snorri was attacked and killed in his home by his son-in-law and enemy Gissur Thorvaldsson.
Snorri´s writings are remarkable both for their scope and for their formal assurance.
The Prose Edda is a handbook on poetics in which he explains the ornate diction and obscure allusions of the skalds (ancient bards who recited or sang their heroic poetry) and illustrates their metres often with verses of his own.
Of greater general interest is his retelling of the old Norse myths within a frame-story of his own creation.
He also wrote a life of St. Oláf of Norway which he included in the Heimskringla a history of the Norwegian kings from their legendary descent from the warrior-wizard god Odin down to Magnus Erlingsson (1184).
Snorri based the Heimskringla on earlier histories but contributed much new material of his own. As sources he particularly valued poems handed down orally from the times of the events themselves and he selected the traditions that seemed most authoritative and true to the politics of the times and to human nature. His genius lay in his power to present all that he perceived critically as a historian with the immediacy of drama.
The qualities of intelligence, warmth and scholarly industry in Snorri´s writings contrast sharply with the weak, shifty character that emerges in the account of his life by his nephew in the Sturlunga saga.
In that record he is presented as cold and miserly toward his family, opportunistic in politics and ambitious for greatness but lacking the courage and will power to achieve it.
It is possible that the critical detachment that was an advantage to Snorri as a writer did not suit him for the role of a powerful man of action in a ruthless age.
JEAN-CHARLES-LÉONARD SIMONDE DE SISMONDI (1847)
Economist and historian who aroused men´s consciences to what he saw as the perils and pitfalls of runaway industrialism.
A pioneer theorist on the nature of economic crises and the risks of limitless competition, overproduction and underconsumption he was warmly regarded by such later economists as Karl Marx and John Maynard Keynes.
Son of a Protestant clergyman and a woman of means Sismondi became a clerk at the age of 16 in a Lyon bank and saw the French Revolution unfold. To escape the Revolution´s spreading effects he and his family went in 1794 to Tuscany where they farmed.
Sismondi´s experiences and observations there resulted in Tableau de l´agriculture toscane (1801, Picture of Tuscan Agriculture).
Living in his native Geneva from 1800 on he became so successful as an author of books and essays that he could decline offers of professorships.
Welcome in the best circles he accompanied Madame de Stäel the salon leader to Italy in 1805. He conferred with Napoleon whose liberal 1815 constitution he defended.
Sismondi´s monumental Histoire des républiques italiennes du moyen âge (16 vol., 1809-18 History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages) which regarded medieval Italy as the origin of modern Europe inspired the leaders of that country´s Risorgimento (unification movement).
As an economist Sismondi was at first a loyal follower of Adam Smith proponent of laissez faire. His Nouveaux Principes d´economie politique (1819) represents a break with the Englishmen.
Sismondi argued for a regulation of economic competition and for a balance between production and consumption.
He foresaw a growing rift between the bourgeoisie and the working class.
He called for social reform but stopped short of condemning private property which he regarded as necessary for revenue.
A pioneer in the historical schoool of economists he held that the facts underlying economic theories must be judged in their full historical context.
A pioneer theorist on the nature of economic crises and the risks of limitless competition, overproduction and underconsumption he was warmly regarded by such later economists as Karl Marx and John Maynard Keynes.
Son of a Protestant clergyman and a woman of means Sismondi became a clerk at the age of 16 in a Lyon bank and saw the French Revolution unfold. To escape the Revolution´s spreading effects he and his family went in 1794 to Tuscany where they farmed.
Sismondi´s experiences and observations there resulted in Tableau de l´agriculture toscane (1801, Picture of Tuscan Agriculture).
Living in his native Geneva from 1800 on he became so successful as an author of books and essays that he could decline offers of professorships.
Welcome in the best circles he accompanied Madame de Stäel the salon leader to Italy in 1805. He conferred with Napoleon whose liberal 1815 constitution he defended.
Sismondi´s monumental Histoire des républiques italiennes du moyen âge (16 vol., 1809-18 History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages) which regarded medieval Italy as the origin of modern Europe inspired the leaders of that country´s Risorgimento (unification movement).
As an economist Sismondi was at first a loyal follower of Adam Smith proponent of laissez faire. His Nouveaux Principes d´economie politique (1819) represents a break with the Englishmen.
Sismondi argued for a regulation of economic competition and for a balance between production and consumption.
He foresaw a growing rift between the bourgeoisie and the working class.
He called for social reform but stopped short of condemning private property which he regarded as necessary for revenue.
A pioneer in the historical schoool of economists he held that the facts underlying economic theories must be judged in their full historical context.
December 15, 2014
December 13, 2014
MIS PASEOS POR LA CALLE LIBERTAD DE CHUECA II
Que tu mujer no te guiñe los ojos como Sitting Bull, estamos viendo la crisis pero lo que veremos será más espantoso todos viejos y sin pensiones será en quince años, yo también de joven llevaba unas All Star Converse blancas, yo no soy tonto de MediaMarkt y las mujeres son los soldados del espacio en el metro, POR QuÉ TENÉIS ESE PODER SOBRE NOSOTROS, y tus labios me saben a canela fina.
La social diferenciación y estratificación, las mujeres no son más que coños insatisfechos, en Madrid tienes que ir mirando al suelo para no pisar cacas, se creen que tienen más clase las del velo que los gitanos españoles ni que decir los de las pandas de gorras, no hay cosa peor que ver a una mujer afanándose con su bolso, mi mujer y mi niño encendieron las luces de mi vida juntos les vi en la navideña Mallorquina con la Puerta del Sol abarrotada de alpacas, me gustaría escribir como una lengua de fuego, no tener que mirar a las mujeres con las que me cruzo como cuando era infante, estoy harto de cómicos y payasos, es que tienen mala cabeza/ el hombre trata de protegerlas y las arañas negras que ellas me tiran por el pelo.
Aunque mi cuerpo no es más que para evacuar seguiré creyendo que el alma es bella e inmortal y estando en paz con ella, el soneto tiene 14 líneas para los poetas del amor, no quiero pararme en un oasis de la carretera del desierto californiano Sonoran, por qué los marxistas como Georges Sorel se dejaban barbita arregladita con pajarita y engordaban junto a las flores, y los ingleses no creen en el alma y se burlan de las reencarnaciones del alma de los hindúes.
El alma es la vida del cuerpo.
Vida, aliento y movimiento vienen del alma.
Con la muerte el alma deja el cuerpo.
A Hacienda de María de Molina no me gusta entrar por la puerta principal, una mujer Emma registra un alfabeto de poca mano de letras, para Speker el lago Victoria está en el corazón de África como fuente del Nilo y la mercadotecnia de que la crisis se ha acabado y empréndelo.
En la Filosofía del Espíritu yo puedo hacer que lo espiritual sea material, el esqueleto de las esponjas con sus flores es precioso, las esporas dispersas de la Filosofía, el adorar del Zoroastro/ es como el consumir de Occidente y la filosofía de los Upanisads no es la española.
Habrá mas ciudades romanas de la corrupción que no destrozó la erupción del Vesubio, Grandes Retratos de Burgueses te esperan en el Real, Hay Salida a la Violencia de Género les ponen a los carros de los repartidores de correos, la estrella con piel de pescado puntirroja que se come a los peces, si tu cerebro tiene un deseo de orgasmo dáselo, yo ando como en Chamartín y tú inmigrante andas como en la selva, el ex rey Juan Carlos anda como un militar, las comidas de empresa no son para esos indios, en Alcobendas hay buenos ejemplares de machos en el Handyman no hay que olvidar que Penélope salió de entre estos pueblerinos con clase, es alucinante España es Europa porque la gente cumple con la ley antitabaco y los que no tuvieron la historia de España intentaron imitarla con guerras en Europa.
Los socialistas ya metieron La Regenta en Oviedo y Woody Allen ha intentado más de lo mismo sexo no gaélico, el violinista de Hitchcock bajo el centro comercial de Nuevos Ministerios, los calvos boliches odian que yo tenga pelo, un cubano con gorra de España en la puerta del Corte Inglés, como pretenden vender zapatillas en El Carmen a 29 euros, por dos morenazas un conquistador podría dar la cara, la Cava Alta y la Plaza de la Cebada son entornos muy navideños, cómo canta el negrito de la gorra del grupo Lycantho, ya no está Lina Morgan en el Teatro La Latina, la piña es postre de Navidad y la calle Barquillo es la más preciosa para recorrer y dar al Banco de España.
La social diferenciación y estratificación, las mujeres no son más que coños insatisfechos, en Madrid tienes que ir mirando al suelo para no pisar cacas, se creen que tienen más clase las del velo que los gitanos españoles ni que decir los de las pandas de gorras, no hay cosa peor que ver a una mujer afanándose con su bolso, mi mujer y mi niño encendieron las luces de mi vida juntos les vi en la navideña Mallorquina con la Puerta del Sol abarrotada de alpacas, me gustaría escribir como una lengua de fuego, no tener que mirar a las mujeres con las que me cruzo como cuando era infante, estoy harto de cómicos y payasos, es que tienen mala cabeza/ el hombre trata de protegerlas y las arañas negras que ellas me tiran por el pelo.
Aunque mi cuerpo no es más que para evacuar seguiré creyendo que el alma es bella e inmortal y estando en paz con ella, el soneto tiene 14 líneas para los poetas del amor, no quiero pararme en un oasis de la carretera del desierto californiano Sonoran, por qué los marxistas como Georges Sorel se dejaban barbita arregladita con pajarita y engordaban junto a las flores, y los ingleses no creen en el alma y se burlan de las reencarnaciones del alma de los hindúes.
El alma es la vida del cuerpo.
Vida, aliento y movimiento vienen del alma.
Con la muerte el alma deja el cuerpo.
A Hacienda de María de Molina no me gusta entrar por la puerta principal, una mujer Emma registra un alfabeto de poca mano de letras, para Speker el lago Victoria está en el corazón de África como fuente del Nilo y la mercadotecnia de que la crisis se ha acabado y empréndelo.
En la Filosofía del Espíritu yo puedo hacer que lo espiritual sea material, el esqueleto de las esponjas con sus flores es precioso, las esporas dispersas de la Filosofía, el adorar del Zoroastro/ es como el consumir de Occidente y la filosofía de los Upanisads no es la española.
Habrá mas ciudades romanas de la corrupción que no destrozó la erupción del Vesubio, Grandes Retratos de Burgueses te esperan en el Real, Hay Salida a la Violencia de Género les ponen a los carros de los repartidores de correos, la estrella con piel de pescado puntirroja que se come a los peces, si tu cerebro tiene un deseo de orgasmo dáselo, yo ando como en Chamartín y tú inmigrante andas como en la selva, el ex rey Juan Carlos anda como un militar, las comidas de empresa no son para esos indios, en Alcobendas hay buenos ejemplares de machos en el Handyman no hay que olvidar que Penélope salió de entre estos pueblerinos con clase, es alucinante España es Europa porque la gente cumple con la ley antitabaco y los que no tuvieron la historia de España intentaron imitarla con guerras en Europa.
Los socialistas ya metieron La Regenta en Oviedo y Woody Allen ha intentado más de lo mismo sexo no gaélico, el violinista de Hitchcock bajo el centro comercial de Nuevos Ministerios, los calvos boliches odian que yo tenga pelo, un cubano con gorra de España en la puerta del Corte Inglés, como pretenden vender zapatillas en El Carmen a 29 euros, por dos morenazas un conquistador podría dar la cara, la Cava Alta y la Plaza de la Cebada son entornos muy navideños, cómo canta el negrito de la gorra del grupo Lycantho, ya no está Lina Morgan en el Teatro La Latina, la piña es postre de Navidad y la calle Barquillo es la más preciosa para recorrer y dar al Banco de España.
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